This talk addresses both the socio-economic and technical issues which are behind the development of the next generation of cars. These future cars will both include enhanced Advanced Driving Assistance Systems and Driverless Car functionalities. In the talk, new Bayesian approaches for Autonomous Vehicles will be presented, with an emphasis on Situation Awareness, Collision Risk Assessment, and Decision-making for safe navigation and maneuvering. It will be shown that Bayesian approaches are mandatory for developing such technologies and for obtaining the required robustness in presence of uncertainty and complex traffic situations. Results obtained in cooperation with Toyota and with Renault will also been presented.