A comparative assessment of six well known Output-Only Statistical Time Series Methods (OO-STSMs) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is presented via damage detection and identification in a GARTEUR type aircraft skeleton structure. A concise overview of the methods highlighting their principles is presented and their effectiveness for damage detection and identification is assessed via numerous experiments and various damage cases on the skeleton structure. What is more, issues such as the methods effectiveness based on local or remote vibration sensors as well as their computational complexity and ease of use are also investigated.