Differential model of excitation - contraction coupling in a cardiac cell for multicycle simulations
Abstract
We present a differential model of excitation – contraction coupling in a cardiac cell intended to be used in simulations of one or many heart cycles on the cell or the heart scales. It takes into account the dynamics of the main ionic currents flowing through the membrane channels (fast sodium, L-type calcium and outward potassium) and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and Na+/K+ pumps. The model includes also a description of the dynamics of the main calcium buffers in the bulk cytosol and in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. With thirteen state variables, its complexity is between that of FitzHugh-Nagumo type models of the action potential (two state variables) and that of the more complex ionic channels models (up to sixty state variables for some of them). It allows realistic modelling of action potential, total ionic current, current gating, intracellular calcium transients, in particular for calcium bound on troponin C, and multicycle effects, like restitution curves for the action potential duration, CICR dependence on intracellular calcium concentration, positive staircase effect for the heart rate. Due to its sound asymptotic behavior without drifts of the state and its medium complexity, this model can be used in multi-beat simulations from the cell to the heart scales.