The current industrial context is characterized by the integration of digital technologies to improve process efficiency and Supply Chain agility to better respond to market volatility and customer needs. Digital transformation could contribute to the transparency, integration, connectivity, and flexibility of Supply Chains, enabling autonomous management and decision-making decentralization. Nevertheless, in addition to efficiency and agility, current and future Supply Chains should be sustainable, regarding the economic, environmental, and social pillars. In this paper, we analyzed the positive and negative impacts carried out by digitalization on the sustainability performance of Supply Chain activities, using the SWOT matrix method and the SCOR model. From a methodological point of view, a systematic literature review of 35 publications was performed and complemented by the expert consultation approach, involving a panel of experts in the fields of Supply Chain Management, digitalization, and sustainability.