Neurofeedback training (NFT) describes a closed-loop paradigm in which a subject is provided with a real time evaluation of his/her brain activity. As a learning process, it is designed to help the subject learn to apprehend his/her own cognitive states and better modulate them through mental actions. Its use for therapeutic purposes has gained a lot of traction in the public sphere in the last decade, but conflicting evidence concerning its efficacy has led to a two-pronged effort from the scientific community. First, a call for experimental protocols and reports standardization [1], aiming to reduce the variability of the results and provide a reliable set of data to describe empirical findings. Second, an effort towards a formal description of the neurofeedback loop and the main hypotheses that guide the design of our experiments, in order to explain or even predict the effects of such training [2,3].