New Strategies for Learning Knowledge Graph Embeddings: the Recommendation Case
Résumé
Knowledge graph embedding models encode elements of a
graph into a low-dimensional space that supports several downstream
tasks. This work is concerned with the recommendation task, which we
approach as a link prediction task on a single target relation performed
in the embedding space. Training an embedding model requires negative
sampling, which consists in corrupting the head or the tail of positive
triples to generate negative ones. Although knowledge graph embedding
models and negative sampling have extensively been investigated
for link prediction, their combined use for performing recommendations
over knowledge graphs remains largely unexplored in the literature. In
this work, we propose two specialization strategies for training embedding
models and performing knowledge graph-based recommendations.
Both strategies first train an embedding model on the whole knowledge
graph. Then, during a specialization phase, a dedicated negative sampling
scheme is applied to refine the pre-trained model. Experimental
results on two public datasets demonstrate that a simple strategy which
refines a pre-trained model by sampling random negative tails for the
target relation proves to be very effective. This strategy significantly
improves performance with respect to traditional rank-based evaluation
metrics as well as a newly introduced metric that reflects the semantic
validity of the top-ranked candidate entities.
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