A three-phase fundamental diagram from three-dimensional traffic data
Résumé
This paper uses empirical traffic data collected from three locations in Europe and the US to reveal a three-phase fundamental diagram with two phases located in the uncongested regime. Model-based clustering, hypothesis testing, and regression analyses are applied to the speed-flow-occupancy relationship represented in the three-dimensional space to rigorously validate the three phases and identify their gaps. The finding is consistent across the aforementioned different geographical locations. Accordingly , we propose a three-phase macroscopic traffic flow model and a characterization of solutions to the Riemann problems. This work identifies critical structures in the fundamental diagram that are typically ignored in first-and higher-order models, and could significantly impact travel time estimation on highways.
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