Ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria (IRRB) could be used for biore-mediation of radioactive wastes and in the therapeutic industry. Limited computational works are available for the prediction of bacterial ionizing radiation resistance (IRR). In this chapter, we present some works that study the causes of the high resistance of IRRB to ionizing radiation. Then we focus on presenting in silico approaches that use protein sequences of bacteria in order to predict if an unknown bacterium belongs to IRRB or ionizing-radiation-sensitive bacteria (IRSB). These approaches formulate the problem of predicting bacterial IRR as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem where bacteria represent the bags and * Corresponding Author: manel.zoghlami@gmail.com. 2 Manel Zoghlami, Sabeur Aridhi, Mondher Maddouri et al. primary structure of basal DNA repair proteins of each bacterium represent the instances inside the bags. We also present a formulation of the problem of MIL in sequence data and explain how it could be used to solve the problem of IRR prediction in bacteria. A brief comparison of the presented approaches is provided.