Network-wide Consensus Utilizing the Capture Effect in Low-power Wireless Networks
Abstract
In low-power wireless networking, new applications such as cooperative robots or industrial closed-loop control demand for network-wide consensus at low-latency and high reliability. Distributed consensus protocols is a mature eld of research in a wired context, but has received little attention in low-power wireless settings. In this paper, we present A 2 : Agreement in the Air, a system that brings distributed consensus to low-power multi-hop networks. A 2 introduces Synchrotron, a synchronous transmissions kernel that builds a robust mesh by exploiting the capture eeect, frequency hopping with parallel channels, and link-layer security. A 2 builds on top of this reliable base layer and enables the two-and three-phase commit protocols, as well as network services such as group membership, hopping sequence distribution and re-keying. We evaluate A 2 on four public testbeds with diierent deployment densities and sizes. A 2 requires only 475 ms to complete a two-phase commit over 180 nodes. The resulting duty cycle is 0.5% for 1-minute intervals. We show that A 2 achieves zero losses end-to-end over long experiments, representing millions of data points. When adding controlled failures, we show that two-phase commit ensures transaction consistency in A 2 while three-phase commit provides liveness at the expense of inconsistency under speciic failure scenarios.
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