NetVLAD: CNN architecture for weakly supervised place recognition
Résumé
We tackle the problem of large scale visual place recognition , where the task is to quickly and accurately recognize the location of a given query photograph. We present the following three principal contributions. First, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that is trainable in an end-to-end manner directly for the place recognition task. The main component of this architecture, NetVLAD, is a new generalized VLAD layer, inspired by the " Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors " image representation commonly used in image retrieval. The layer is readily pluggable into any CNN architecture and amenable to training via backpropagation. Second, we develop a training procedure, based on a new weakly supervised ranking loss, to learn parameters of the architecture in an end-to-end manner from images depicting the same places over time downloaded from Google Street View Time Machine. Finally, we show that the proposed architecture obtains a large improvement in performance over non-learnt image representations as well as significantly outperforms off-the-shelf CNN descriptors on two challenging place recognition benchmarks, and outperforms current state-of-the-art compact image representations on standard image retrieval benchmarks.
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