Improved algorithms for solving bivariate systems via Rational Univariate Representations
Résumé
Given two coprime polynomials $P$ and $Q$ in $\Z[x,y]$ of degree bounded by $d$ and bitsize
bounded by $\tau$, we address the problem of solving the system $\{P,Q\}$. We are interested in
certified numerical approximations or, more precisely, isolating boxes of the solutions. We are
also interested in computing, as intermediate symbolic objects, rational parameterizations of the
solutions, and in particular Rational Univariate Representations (RURs), which can easily turn
many queries on the system into queries on univariate polynomials. Such representations require
the computation of a separating form for the system, that is a linear combination of the variables
that takes different values when evaluated at the distinct solutions of the system.
We present new algorithms for computing linear separating forms, RUR decompositions and isolating
boxes of the solutions. We show that these three algorithms have worst-case bit complexity
$\widetilde{O}_B(d^6+d^5\tau)$, where $\widetilde{O}$ refers to the complexity where
polylogarithmic factors are omitted and $O_B$ refers to the bit complexity. We also present
probabilistic Las-Vegas variants of our two first algorithms, which have expected bit complecity
$\widetilde{O}_B(d^5+d^4\tau)$. A key ingredient of our proofs of complexity is an amortized
analysis of the triangular decomposition algorithm via subresultants, which is of independent
interest.
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