To prevent natural risks involve the use of historical data, with multiple temporalities (linear time vs. cyclic time, discrete vs. continuous, long time vs. short time, etc.), multiple scales and with heterogeneous content. The cartography of these historical events and of their temporalities raises lisibility issues. Some new cartographic proposals to map temporalities appear, but they need to be evaluated. In this scope, this article deals with what cognition could bring to cartographies conception, by allowing to test existing semiotic rules and to express new proposals if needed.