Traffic prediction by combining macroscopic models and Gaussian processes
Abstract
We propose a physics informed statistical framework for traffic travel time prediction. On one side, the discrepancy of the considered mathematical model is represented by a Gaussian process. On the other side, the traffic simulator is fed with boundary data predicted by a Gaussian process, forced to satisfy the mathematical equations at virtual points, resulting in a multi-objective optimization problem. This combined approach has the merit to address the shortcomings of the purely model-driven or data-driven approaches, while leveraging their respective advantages. Indeed, models are based on physical laws, but cannot capture all the complexity of real phenomena. On the other hand, pure statistical outputs can violate basic characteristic dynamics. We validate our approach on both synthetic and real world data, showing that it delivers more reliable results compared to other methods.
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