The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas
Matthias Hoelzl
(1)
,
Guido Huijsmans
(2)
,
Stanislas Pamela
(3)
,
Marina Bécoulet
(2)
,
Eric Nardon
(2)
,
Francisco Javier Artola
(1)
,
Boniface Nkonga
(4, 5)
,
Calin Vlad Atanasiu
(6)
,
Vinodh Bandaru
(1)
,
Ashish Bhole
(4)
,
Daniele Bonfiglio
(7)
,
Andres Cathey
(1)
,
Olivier Czarny
(8)
,
Anastasia Dvornova
(2)
,
Tamas Fehér
(1)
,
Alexandre Fil
(3)
,
Emmanuel Franck
(9)
,
Shimpei Futatani
(10)
,
Marta Gruca
(11)
,
Hervé Guillard
(4)
,
Willem J. Haverkort
(12)
,
Ihor Holod
(1)
,
Di Hu
(13)
,
S.K. Kim
(14)
,
Sven Q. Korving
(15)
,
Leon Kos
(16)
,
Isabel Krebs
(17)
,
Lukas Kripner
(18)
,
Guillaume Latu
(2)
,
Franklin Liu
(2)
,
Peter Merkel
(1)
,
Dmytro Meshcheriakov
(1, 18)
,
Verena Mitterauer
(1)
,
Serhiy Mochalskyy
(1)
,
Jorge A. Morales
(2)
,
Richard Nies
(1)
,
Nikita Nikulsin
(1)
,
François Orain
(1)
,
Jane Pratt
(19)
,
Rohan Ramasamy
(1)
,
Pierre Ramet
(20)
,
Cédric Reux
(2)
,
Konsta Särkimäki
(1)
,
N. Schwarz
(1)
,
Prabal Singh Verma
(1)
,
Siobhan Smith F.
(3)
,
Cristian Sommariva
(21)
,
Erika Strumberger
(1)
,
Daan C. van Vugt
(15)
,
M. Verbeek
(15)
,
Egbert Westerhof
(17)
,
Fabian Wieschollek
(1)
,
Jeffery Zielinski
(22)
1
IPP-MPG -
Max Planck Institute for Plasma physics
2 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
3 CCFE - Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
4 CASTOR - Contrôle du plAsma et de ses inSTabilités, Optimisation et Réduction de modèle
5 LJAD - Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné
6 National Institute for Lasers, Plasma, and Radiation Physics - INFLPR (ROMANIA)
7 Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association
8 FRAMATOME
9 TONUS - TOkamaks and NUmerical Simulations
10 UPC - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya = Université polytechnique de Catalogne [Barcelona]
11 IPPLM - Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw]
12 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
13 BUAA - Beihang University
14 MAE - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Princeton]
15 TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven]
16 University of Ljubljana
17 DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven]
18 IPP PRAGUE - Institute of Plasma Physics, Association EURATOM
19 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Atlanta]
20 HiePACS - High-End Parallel Algorithms for Challenging Numerical Simulations
21 SPC - Swiss Plasma Center
22 U of S - University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon, Canada]
2 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
3 CCFE - Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
4 CASTOR - Contrôle du plAsma et de ses inSTabilités, Optimisation et Réduction de modèle
5 LJAD - Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné
6 National Institute for Lasers, Plasma, and Radiation Physics - INFLPR (ROMANIA)
7 Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association
8 FRAMATOME
9 TONUS - TOkamaks and NUmerical Simulations
10 UPC - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya = Université polytechnique de Catalogne [Barcelona]
11 IPPLM - Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw]
12 TU Delft - Delft University of Technology
13 BUAA - Beihang University
14 MAE - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Princeton]
15 TU/e - Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven]
16 University of Ljubljana
17 DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven]
18 IPP PRAGUE - Institute of Plasma Physics, Association EURATOM
19 Department of Physics and Astronomy [Atlanta]
20 HiePACS - High-End Parallel Algorithms for Challenging Numerical Simulations
21 SPC - Swiss Plasma Center
22 U of S - University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon, Canada]
Eric Nardon
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 762934
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0427-2292
Francisco Javier Artola
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 792743
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7962-1093
Boniface Nkonga
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 8556
- IdHAL : boniface-nkonga
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3889-7189
- IdRef : 120046059
Emmanuel Franck
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 2593
- IdHAL : emmanuel-franck
- IdRef : 166942642
Hervé Guillard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1075
- IdHAL : herve-guillard
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3099-4408
- IdRef : 059385952
Guillaume Latu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1275143
- IdHAL : guillaume-latu
- ORCID : 0009-0001-7274-1305
Pierre Ramet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 291
- IdHAL : pierre-ramet
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6179-9819
- IdRef : 189029668
Résumé
JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic(MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile simulation code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control and is continuously developed in an international community with strong involvements in the European fusion research programme and ITER organization. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybridkinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench triggered by massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection, runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events. Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring TQs triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied.