Experimenters Influence on Mental-Imagery based Brain-Computer Interface User Training
Résumé
Context
Motor Imagery based Brain-Computer Interfaces (MI-BCIs) enable their users to interact with digital technologies, e.g., neuroprosthesis, by performing motor imagery tasks only, e.g., imagining hand movements, while their brain activity is recorded. To control MI-BCIs, users must train to control their brain activity. During such training, experimenters have a fundamental role, e.g., they motivate participants. However, their influence had never been formally assessed for MI-BCI user training. In other fields, e.g., social psychology, experimenters’ gender was found to influence experimental outcomes, e.g., behavioural or neurophysiological measures.
Objective
Our aim was to evaluate if the experimenters’ gender influenced MI-BCI user training outcomes, i.e., performances and user-experience.
Methods
We performed an experiment involving 6 experimenters (3 women) each training 5 women and 5 men (60 participants) to perform right versus left hand MI-BCI tasks over one session. We then studied the training outcomes, i.e., MI-BCI performances and user-experience, according to the experimenters' and subjects' gender.
Results
A significant interaction between experimenters’ and participants' gender was found on the evolution of trial-wise performances. Another interaction was found between participants’ tension and experimenters’ gender on the average performances.
Conclusion
Experimenters’ gender could influence MI-BCI performances depending on participants’ gender and tension.
Significance
Experimenters’ influence on MI-BCI user training outcomes should be better controlled, assessed and reported to further benefit from it while preventing any bias.
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