Probabilistic WCET estimation in presence of hardware for mitigating the impact of permanent faults
Résumé
Fine-grained disabling and reconfiguration of hardware
elements (functional units, cache blocks) will become economically
necessary to recover from permanent failures, whose
rate is expected to increase dramatically in the near future.
This fine-grained disabling will lead to degraded performance
as compared to a fault-free execution.
Until recently, all static worst-case execution time (WCET)
estimations methods were assuming fault-free processors, resulting
in unsafe estimates in the presence of faults. The first
static WCET estimation technique dealing with the presence
of permanent faults in instruction caches was proposed in [1].
This study probabilistically quantified the impact of permanent
faults on WCET estimates. It demonstrated that the probabilistic
WCET (pWCET) estimates of tasks increase rapidly with the
probability of faults as compared to fault-free WCET estimates.
In this paper, we show that very simple reliability mechanisms
allow mitigating the impact of faulty cache blocks on pWCETs.
Two mechanisms, that make part of the cache resilient to faults
are analyzed. Experiments show that the gain in pWCET for
these two mechanisms are on average 48% and 40% as compared
to an architecture with no reliability mechanism.
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