Real-time simulation of contact and cutting of heterogeneous soft-tissues
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical method for interactive (real-time) simulations, which considerably improves the accuracy
of the response of heterogeneous soft-tissue models undergoing contact, cutting and other topological changes. We provide
an integrated methodology able to deal both with the ill-conditioning issues associated with material heterogeneities,
contact boundary conditions which are one of the main sources of inaccuracies, and cutting which is one of the most
challenging issues in interactive simulations. Our approach is based on an implicit time integration of a non-linear finite
element model. To enable real-time computations, we propose a new preconditioning technique, based on an asynchronous
update at low frequency. The preconditioner is not only used to improve the computation of the deformation of the
tissues, but also to simulate the contact response of homogeneous and heterogeneous bodies with the same accuracy. We
also address the problem of cutting the heterogeneous structures and propose a method to update the preconditioner
according to the topological modifications. Finally, we apply our approach to three challenging demonstrators: i) a
simulation of cataract surgery ii) a simulation of laparoscopic hepatectomy iii) a brain tumor surgery.
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