The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an EEG-based neurofeedback (NF) program on the ability to maintain wakefulness in healthy subjects, after a controlled one-night complete sleep debt condition. The Maintenance Wakefulness Test (MWT), which assesses objective wakefulness maintenance abilities, and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), which assesses subjective wakefulness maintenance abilities, were administered to a group of healthy sleepdeprived subjects (n=16) before (V1) and after (V2) eight neurofeedback sessions on b/(θ-a) EEG spectral bands activities target. Mean sleep latency on the MWT and mean KSS scores increased significantly between V2 and V1 (p = 0,001). This proof-of-concept study is the first step towards developing cognitive remediation strategies using EEG neurofeedback targeting sleep complaints in patients with residual hypersomnolence. Further research is needed to confirm the efficacy and benefits of this type of non-pharmacological therapy.