Biomass and the chlorophyll content are important indicators to measure the growth and development of grasslands. Modeling using hyperspectral data is an important means to monitor grassland growth and development. In this paper, we studied Mexican maize grass, hybrid Pennisetum and hybrid Sudan grass under different soil texture treatments and determined the correlation between the canopy reflectance spectrum and plant growth status in different soil textures based on hyperspectral data. Our results showed that, under different soil texture treatments, the emergence rate of Mexican maize grass and hybrid Pennisetum did not differ significantly, whereas that of hybrid Sudan grass indicated a significant difference. Under different soil texture treatments, the trend of plant height variation was consistent. In terms of different types of grassland, it is generally feasible to establish a grassland yield spectral model based on the vegetation indexes NDVI and RVI, and the leaf SPAD values of the three types of grassland best fit the spectral parameter red edge area.