The paper presents genetic algorithms, their properties and capabilities in solving computational problems. Using a genetic algorithm an optimization task of transportation - production regard to the transport and processing of milk will be investigated. For the network of collection centers and processing plants (factories) the cost-optimal transportation plan regarding to raw materials to the relevant factories will be established. It is assumed that the functions defining the costs of processing are polynomials of the second degree. To solve the problem the program that uses genetic algorithms written in MATLAB will be used.