Anatoly Kitov is one of the outstanding representatives of the first generation of scientists who created Soviet cybernetics, computer engineering and informatics. This paper presents an overview of his more than three decades long attempts to prove to the Soviet leaders the necessity of creation of a nation-wide computer network automated system for the planning and management of the socialist economy. The overview includes a review of Kitov’s appeals to the Communist Party leaders Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, and Mikhail Gorbachev. For the first time Kitov’s struggle with the Communist Party and Soviet bureaucracy during perestroika is described and some related documents are published as well.