This chapter proposes a taxonomy to classify the real-life applications which can benefit from the use of attention models. There are numerous applications and we try here to remain as exhaustive as possible to provide a picture of all the applications of saliency models, but also to detect where future developments might be of interest. The applications are grouped into three categories. The first one uses the detection of the most important regions in an image and contains applications such as video surveillance, audio surveillance, defect detection, pathology detection, expressive and social gestures, computer graphics and quality metrics. The second category uses saliency maps to detect the regions which are the less interesting in an image. Here one can found applications like texture metrics, compression, retargeting, summarization, watermarking and attention-based ad insertion. Finally, a third category uses the most interesting areas in an image with further processing like comparisons between those areas. In this category one can find image registration and landmarks, object recognition, action guidance in robotics or avatars, web sites optimization, images memorability, best viewpoint, symmetries and automatic focus on images.