The current means for aquaculture water quality monitoring have a weak infrastructure. We research to use wireless sensor technology, embedded computing technology, MEMS technology, distributing information processing technology and wireless communication technology to build the wireless network sensor network system. This system is a digital, networked, intelligent real-time dynamic for monitoring the aquaculture water quality. The system not only can deal the normal detection of the aquaculture environment indicators (temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonia, etc.) in real-time monitoring, but also can detect indicators of data fusion and data mining to establish a history database of aquaculture environmental monitoring indicators. The system can gather the monitoring data by a local or remote way, and realize the real-time, dynamic display and analysis. So as to improve the process of aquaculture, water resources utilization, the quality of the culture environment and reduce emissions of pollutants. The system can provide an important technical means and scientific basis. The hardware architecture design is the core technology of this system. We will detail the part in this article.