With the development of science and technology, the problem about the quality safety traceability of agricultural products has already become the hot topic of researchers in various fields. Cucumber is one of the main vegetable crops in China. It is convenient for eating and contains various beneficial minerals. With the constant expansion of the planting areas, it plays a more and more important role in the development of agricultural economy. However, the cucumbers sold on the market at present have residues of pesticides and growth hormone and many other problems. In this article, firstly, the author analyses the feasibility of the application of internet of things and electronic label technology in cucumber traceability system. And then, the author puts forward basic requirements of design on cucumber traceability system according to domestic and overseas research situation; Based on this, the author makes the whole design on cucumber traceability system, together with the specific design on three-layer structure and function of the internet of things and the research and development of the enterprise management system and the internet service system of cucumber traceability system. Finally, the author integrates cucumber traceability system based on the internet of things and realizes the traceability management of the whole process of cucumber planting, sales and monitoring, and provides effective technical support for production and sales management.