BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in the Spock galaxy at redshift 1 - Inria - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique Access content directly
Journal Articles Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A Year : 2024

BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in the Spock galaxy at redshift 1

Jose M Diego
  • Function : Author
Sung Kei Li
  • Function : Author
Ashish K Meena
  • Function : Author
Ana Acebron
  • Function : Author
Mathilde Jauzac
  • Function : Author
Mitchell F Struble
  • Function : Author
Alfred Amruth
  • Function : Author
Tom J Broadhurst
  • Function : Author
Catherine Cerny
  • Function : Author
Harald Ebeling
  • Function : Author
Alexei V Filippenko
  • Function : Author
Patrick Kelly
  • Function : Author
Anton M Koekemoer
  • Function : Author
David Lagatutta
  • Function : Author
Jeremy Lim
  • Function : Author
Guillaume Mahler
  • Function : Author
Nency Patel
  • Function : Author
Juan Remolina
  • Function : Author
Keren Sharon
  • Function : Author
Charles Steinhardt
  • Function : Author
Keichii Umetsu
  • Function : Author
Liliya Williams
  • Function : Author
Adi Zitrin
  • Function : Author
J.M Palencia
  • Function : Author
Liang Dai
  • Function : Author
Lingyuan Ji
  • Function : Author
Massimo Pascale
  • Function : Author

Abstract

We present a constraint on the abundance of supergiant (SG) stars at redshift z approx. 1, based on recent observations of a strongly lensed arc at this redshift. First we derive a free-form model of MACS J0416.1-2403 using data from the BUFFALO program. The new lens model is based on 72 multiply lensed galaxies that produce 214 multiple images, making it the largest sample of spectroscopically confirmed lensed galaxies on this cluster. The larger coverage in BUFFALO allows us to measure the shear up to the outskirts of the cluster, and extend the range of lensing constraints up to ~ 1 Mpc from the central region, providing a mass estimate up to this radius. As an application, we make predictions for the number of high-redshift multiply-lensed galaxies detected in future observations with JWST. Then we focus on a previously known lensed galaxy at z=1.0054, nicknamed Spock, which contains four previously reported transients. We interpret these transients as microcaustic crossings of SG stars and compute the probability of such events. Based on simplifications regarding the stellar evolution, we find that microlensing (by stars in the intracluster medium) of SG stars at z=1.0054 can fully explain these events. The inferred abundance of SG stars is consistent with either (1) a number density of stars with bolometric luminosities beyond the Humphreys-Davidson (HD) limit (L ~$6\times10^5 L_{\odot}$) that is below 400 stars per sq. kpc, or (2) the absence of stars beyond the HD limit but with a SG number density of ~ 9000 per sq. kpc for stars with luminosities between $10^5$ and $6\times10^5$. This is equivalent to one SG star per 10x10 pc$^2$. We finally make predictions for future observations with JWST's NIRcam. We find that in observations made with the F200W filter that reach 29 mag AB, if cool red SG stars exist at z~1 beyond the HD limit, they should be easily detected in this arc
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hal-04092779 , version 1 (05-05-2024)

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Jose M Diego, Sung Kei Li, Ashish K Meena, Anna Niemiec, Ana Acebron, et al.. BUFFALO/Flashlights: Constraints on the abundance of lensed supergiant stars in the Spock galaxy at redshift 1. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, 2024, 681, pp.A124. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/202346761⟩. ⟨hal-04092779⟩
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