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                <term xml:lang="en"> Gibbs distributions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en"> Maximum entropy</term>
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              <p>The retina encodes visual scenes by trains of action potentials that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve.  In this paper, we describe a new free access user-end software allowing to better understand this coding. It is called PRANAS (https://pranas.inria.fr), standing for Platform for Retinal ANalysis And Simulation.  PRANAS targets neuroscientists and modelers by providing a unique set of retina-related tools. PRANAS integrates a retina simulator allowing large scale simulations while keeping a strong biological plausibility and a toolbox for the analysis of spike train population statistics. The statistical method (entropy maximization under constraints) takes into account both spatial and temporal correlations as constraints, allowing to analyze the effects of memory on statistics. \PRANAS also integrates a tool computing and representing in 3D (time-space) receptive fields. All these tools are accessible through a friendly graphical user interface. The most CPU-costly of them has been implemented to run in parallel.</p>
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              <p>La rétine encode les scènes visuelles par des trains de potentiels d’action qui sont envoyés au cerveau via le nerf optique. Dans cet article, nous décrivons un nouveau logiciel libre d’accés qui permet de mieux comprendre ce codage. Il s’appelle PRANAS (https://pranas.inria.fr), ayant pour signification Platform for Retinal ANalysis And Simulation. PRANAS cible les neuroscientifiques et les modélisateurs en fournissant un ensemble unique d’outils liés à la rétine.  PRANAS intègre un simulateur de rétine permettant des simulations à grande échelle tout en conservant une forte plausibilité biologique et une boîte à outils pour l’analyse statistiquedes trains d’impulsion dans une population de neurones. La méthode statistique (maximisation de l’entropie sous contraintes) prend en compte les corrélations spatio-temporelles comme contraintes, permettant d’analyser les effets de la mémoire sur les statistiques.PRANAS intègre également un outil de calcul et de représentation en 3D (temps-espace) des champs récepteurs.Tous ces outils sont accessibles grâce à une interface utilisateur conviviale. Les plus coûteux d’entre eux en terme de temps de calculs ont été implémentés pour fonctionner en parallèle.</p>
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