<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00762821</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-22T16:51:13+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Formalization of Heart Models Based on the Conduction of Electrical Impulses and Cellular Automata</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Dominique</forename>
                <surname>Méry</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4e77052acb8448eac320436f437fa7eb</email>
              <email type="domain">loria.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">dominiquemery</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1227</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">38012-1227</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-6611</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/076035085</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=S7H-l5UAAAAJ</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-554178"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-206041"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Neeraj Kumar</forename>
                <surname>Singh</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">64e8b2f28b39c93393501d5280ecc95f</email>
              <email type="domain">enseeiht.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">neeraj-kumar-singh</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">752507</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">54013-752507</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-0179</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=koce0yMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/159807883</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-300291"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-206041"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-26598"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Dominique</forename>
                <surname>Méry</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">4e77052acb8448eac320436f437fa7eb</email>
              <email type="domain">loria.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2012-12-08 09:33:33</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-11-04 12:00:17</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2012-12-08 09:33:33</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2012</date>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="107371">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Dominique</forename>
                  <surname>Méry</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">4e77052acb8448eac320436f437fa7eb</email>
                <email type="domain">loria.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00762821</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://inria.hal.science/hal-00762821</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">mery:hal-00762821</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">Liu; Zhiming and Wassyng; Alan. &lt;i&gt;Foundations of Health Informatics Engineering and Systems}&lt;/i&gt;, 7151, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp.140-159, 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 978-3-642-32354-6. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32355-3_9"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-32355-3_9&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Liu; Zhiming and Wassyng; Alan. Foundations of Health Informatics Engineering and Systems}, 7151, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp.140-159, 2012, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 978-3-642-32354-6. &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-32355-3_9&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA">INRIA - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA_TEST">INRIA - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LORIA2">Publications du LORIA</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA-NANCY-GRAND-EST">INRIA Nancy - Grand Est</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TESTALAIN1">TESTALAIN1</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA2">INRIA 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LORIA">Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LORIA-FM" corresp="LORIA">Department of Formal methods</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA-ROYAUMEUNI">INRIA-ROYAUMEUNI</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AM2I-UL">Pôle scientifique Automatique, Mathématiques, Informatique et leurs Intéractions de l'Université de Lorraine</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Formalization of Heart Models Based on the Conduction of Electrical Impulses and Cellular Automata</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Dominique</forename>
                    <surname>Méry</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">4e77052acb8448eac320436f437fa7eb</email>
                  <email type="domain">loria.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">dominiquemery</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1227</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">38012-1227</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-6611</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/076035085</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=S7H-l5UAAAAJ</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-554178"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-206041"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Neeraj Kumar</forename>
                    <surname>Singh</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">64e8b2f28b39c93393501d5280ecc95f</email>
                  <email type="domain">enseeiht.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">neeraj-kumar-singh</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">752507</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">54013-752507</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-0179</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=koce0yMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/159807883</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-300291"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-206041"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-26598"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="isbn">978-3-642-32354-6</idno>
                <title level="m">Foundations of Health Informatics Engineering and Systems}</title>
                <editor>Liu</editor>
                <editor>Zhiming and Wassyng</editor>
                <editor>Alan</editor>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">7151</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">140-159</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2012</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-32355-3_9</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Refinement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Proof-based development</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Event B</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cellular Automata</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ECG</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Heart Model</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="acm" n="F.3.1">F.: Theory of Computation/F.3: LOGICS AND MEANINGS OF PROGRAMS/F.3.1: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ds">Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Tools and techniques based on formal methods have been recognized as a promising approach to supporting the process of verification and validation of critical systems in the early stages of their development. In particular, medical devices are very prone to showing unexpected system behaviour in operation because of the stochastic nature of the systems and when traditional methods are used for system testing. Device-related problems have been responsible for a large number of serious injuries. Officials of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have found that many deaths and injuries related to these devices are caused by flaws in product design and engineering. Cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are the most critical of these medical devices, requiring closed-loop modelling (integrated system and environment modelling) for verification purposes before obtaining a certificate from the certification bodies. No technique is available to provide environment modelling for verifying the developed system models. This paper presents a methodology for modelling a biological system, such as the heart, to enable modelling in a biological environment. The heart model is based mainly on electrocardiography analysis, which models the heart system at the cellular level. The main objective of this methodology is to model the heart system and integrate it with a model of a medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker to specify a closed-loop model. To build an environment model for a closed-loop system is currently an open problem. The industry has long sought such an approach to validating a system model in a virtual biological environment. Our approach involves a pragmatic combination of formal specifications of the system and the biological environment to model a closed-loop system that enables verification of the correctness of the system and helps to improve the quality of the system.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-554178" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">201020692C</idno>
          <orgName>VERIfication pour les systèmes DIStribués</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">VERIDIS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2012-06-30</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>615 rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/equipes/veridis</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-129671" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-206040" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-411575" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-206041" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Proof-oriented development of computer-based systems</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MOSEL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.loria.fr/la-recherche-en/equipes/mosel</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-423084" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-206040" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-411575" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-26598" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Department of Computer Science [York]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CS-YORK</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Deramore Lane York YO10 5GH</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/public.php</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-124942" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-129671" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">198618246Y</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03fcjvn64</idno>
          <orgName>Centre Inria de l'Université de Lorraine</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>615 rue du Jardin Botanique 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/nancy</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300009" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02kvxyf05</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Inria</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt - BP 10578153 Le Chesnay Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/en/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-206040" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">067077927</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121795429</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">198912571S</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]RSI--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02vnf0c38</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LORIA</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus Scientifique BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.loria.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-411575" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-411575" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">184443237</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/019tcpt25</idno>
          <orgName>CentraleSupélec</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3, rue Joliot Curie,Plateau de Moulon,91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.centralesupelec.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-413289" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">157040569</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]100--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04vfs2w97</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UL</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="department" xml:id="struct-423084" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Department of Formal Methods</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LORIA - FM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.loria.fr/en/research/departments/formal-methods/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-206040" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-411575" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7503" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-124942" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04m01e293</idno>
          <orgName>University of York [York, UK]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Heslington, York, YO10 5DD</addrLine>
              <country key="GB"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.york.ac.uk/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>