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                <term xml:lang="en">image based modelling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">transversal crack model</term>
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              <p>Excellent lifetimes make Self-healing Ceramic-Matrix Composites (CMCs) are promising candidates for jet engine hot parts. These composites are constituted of a 3D arrangement of SiC fiber tows infiltrated by a multilayer matrix. A pyrocarbon interphase acts as a crack deviator, SiC matrix layers bring stiffness, and boron-containing phases are able to produce above 450°C a liquid oxide preventing further oxidation by a diffusion barrier effect. This paper introduces an image-based numerical simulation of the self-healing mechanism under oxygen gas. Existing 0D or 1D models give the time evolution of the oxygen concentration in the weakest fiber and deduce from it a global lifetime through an oxygen-controlled slow crack growth rate law. We propose an approach in which the resolution domain is a 2D FE mesh directly obtained from transverse images of a tow containing the crack. Oxygen diffusion, carbon consumption around the fibers, and conversion of boron carbide into boron oxide are simulated. The model solves mass balances in terms of heights of oxygen (gaseous or dissolved), liquid oxide, pyrocarbon, and boron-containing phase. All the heights are considered perpendicular to the image plane (thin layer approximation), and represent the unit-volume (per square meter) occupied by each phase. Preliminary results on images containing several dozens of fibers and a multilayer matrix are discussed.</p>
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              <p>Une importante durée de vie fait des composites à matrice céramique auto cicatrisante (CMCs) les candidats parfaits pour utilisation dans les composantes à haute température des moteur aéronautiques du future. Ce type de composites sont constitués par des rangement 3D de fibres de SiC infiltrées par une matrice multicouche. Une interphase de pyrocarbone protège les fibres en déviant la fissure, des couches de SiC dans la matrice la rendent plus rigide, et des phases qui contiennent du bore produisent à 450°C un oxyde liquide qui protège les fibres par un effet de barrière diffusive. Ce papier présente une modélisation numérique de ce phénomène de auto cicatrisation en présence d'oxygène. Les modèles 0D et 1D qui existent en littérature donnent une approximation de l'évolution de la concentration d'oxygène en correspondance de la fibre la plus faible et permettent d'en déduire une durée de vie globale via un mécanisme de croissance de la fissure contrôlée par l'oxygène. On propose une approche dans laquelle le domaine de calcul est un maillage éléments finis 2D, obtenu directement par des images de fils fissurés. La diffusion de l'oxygène, l'oxydation du pyrocarbone et la production d'oxyde liquide sont simulés. Le modèle résout des bilans de masse en termes de hauteur d'oxygène, d'oxyde de bore et de pyrocarbone. Ces hauteurs sont considérées comme étant perpendiculaires à la fissure et représentent le volume unitaire (par unité de surface) occupé par chaque phase. Résultats préliminaires sur des images qui contiennent des dizaines de fibres et une matrice multicouche sont présentés.</p>
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