Inverse problem Magnetic Flux Leakage Maxwell equations FDTD Relaxation method SIMP Paschen Electric Motors Finite elements Boundary integral equations Piezoelectricity Electromagnetism Numerical simulation Magnetic coupling Branch&Bound Control Electromagnetic inverse problem Moteur électrique PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Accouplement magnétique Magnetostatics Conception Optimal control Deterministic global optimization Lumped model Magnetic scalar potential Aerodynamics Lorentz force law Optimization Numerical model Dynamic lumped model Analytical modeling Piezoelectric energy harvester Optimization algorithms Actuators Electric motor GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION HYBRIDIZATION Axial flux machines Interval arithmetic Adjoint Method Hysterons Modeling Modèles numériques Design Electromechanical actuator Electrical machine Energy harvesting Post-buckled beams Interval analysis Finite element method Hysteresis Additive manufacturing Sensitivity Analysis Shear layer Branch and Bound Algorithm Torque Motor Eddy currents Heat transfer enhancement Bistability Iron losses Piezoelectric transformer Electromechanical impedance Shape memory alloys Bistable Ironless Piezoelectric actuators Actionneurs Décharges partielles Optimisation Electroactive morphing Force sensor Shooting method Nonlinear modeling Piézoélectricité Exact global optimization PDE-constrained optimization Play model Permanent Magnet Magnetic field Topology Optimization Inverse Problem Rosen type transformer Morphing Modélisation Design optimization methodology Global optimization Minor loops Analytical model Modèles analytiques Smart materials Dimensionnement Shape-memory Alloys Turbulence Electrical machines Topology optimization Simulation Optimal design Partial discharges PIV